Dr. O'Neill served as director of the Congressional Budget Office from 1995 to 1999. Prior to that, she held positions as director of policy and research at the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, senior economist on the President's Council of Economic Advisers, senior research associate at the Urban Institute, and research associate at the Brookings Institution. She was elected vice president of the American Economics Association in 1998. Currently, she is the director of the Center for the Study of Business and Government at Baruch College, CUNY. She is also an adjunct scholar of the American Enterprise Institute.